100 AMERICAN FLAGS: A UNIQUE COLLECTION OF OLD GLORY MEMORABILIA

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THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

The British early in the War of 1812 blockaded American ports with 75 naval vessels, greatly reducing American imports and exports, and angering many residents of New England who were dependent on foreign trade for their livelihoods.

After Napoleon's defeat and abdication in 1814, the British were able to begin a land offensive against the Americans. They were able to burn Washington, D.C., in 1814, but were unable to reduce or capture Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor ("The Star-Spangled Banner").

The British also began a campaign against New Orleans in an effort to block commerce on the Mississippi River. In a battle fought two weeks after a peace treaty between Britain and the U.S. had been signed, a force of militiamen and Army regulars under Andrew Jackson decisively defeated a force of British regulars at the Battle of New Orleans on January 8, 1815.

Wikipedia article—Battle of New Orleans:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans

LIBRARY LOCATIONS

HG: History, Geography, & Travel Room (Central Library)
ELB: Entertainment, Literature, & Biography Room (Central Library)
ST: Stacks (Central Library)

BU: Buder Branch
CP: Carpenter Branch
SC: Schlafly Branch

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Title: The Battle of New Orleans.
Author/Compiler: Remini, Robert Vincent.
Local Call Number: ST; CP—973.5239.
Publication Date: 1999.
Format: Books.

Title: The Battle of New Orleans; an informal history of the war that nobody wanted: 1812.
Author/Compiler: Chidsey, Donald Barr.
Local Call Number: ST—973.5.
Publication Date: 1961.
Format: Books.

Title: The naval war of 1812: or, The history of the United States Navy during the last war with Great Britain, to which is appended an account of the battle of New Orleans.
Author/Compiler: Roosevelt, Theodore.
Local Call Number: ST—973.525 Vol [ 1].
Publication Date: 1910.
Format: Books.

Title: Patriotic fire: Andrew Jackson and Jean Laffite at the Battle of New Orleans.
Author/Compiler: Groom, Winston.
Local Call Number: HG—973.5239.
Publication Date: 2006.
Format: Books.

Title: The generals: Andrew Jackson, Sir Edward Pakenham, and the road to the Battle of New Orleans.
Author/Compiler: Patterson, Benton Rain.
Local Call Number: HG—973.5239.
Publication Date: 2005.
Format: Books.

Title: Struggle for the gulf borderlands : the Creek War and the Battle of New Orleans, 1812-1815 .
Author/Compiler: Owsley, Frank Lawrence.
Local Call Number: ST—973.5238.
Publication Date: 1981.
Format: Books.

Title: Sink or be sunk! : the naval battle in the Mississippi Sound that preceded the Battle of New Orleans / maps by Sarah Foster.
Author/Compiler: La Violette, Paul E. Foster, Sarah. Local Call Number: ST—973.525.
Publication Date: 2002.
Format: Books.

Title: The siege of New Orleans.
Author/Compiler: Brooks, Charles B.
Local Call Number: ST—973.5.
Publication Date: 1961.
Format: Books.

Title: Blaze of glory; the fight for New Orleans, 1814-1815.
Author/Compiler: Carter, Samuel.
Local Call Number: ST--973.523.
Publication Date: 1971.
Format: Books.

Title: Andrew Jackson, the border captain.
Author/Compiler: James, Marquis.
Local Call Number: ST—B JACKSON.
Publication Date: 1933.
Format: Books.

THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE

INTRODUCTION

The Battle of the Bulge was the last major German offensive of World War II. It began on 16 December 1944, when German forces broke through Allied defenses in the Ardennes. The German drive was intended to seize Antwerp, split Allied forces in the west, and bring about the surrender of one or more Allied armies. Bad weather (bitter cold and heavy snow) hampered Allied air and supply operations, although it also hindered German movements. Improved weather conditions allowed Allied forces to reinforce weak points in their lines, and to resume air operations against German offensive positions and supply lines.

American forces suffered nearly 90,000 casualties during this German offensive, including 19,000 soldiers killed in action.

Wikipedia article on The Battle of the Bulge

LIBRARY LOCATIONS:

Central Library—History, Geography, & Travel (HG)
Central Library—Stacks (ST)
Buder Branch—(BU)
Carpenter Branch—(CP)
Schlafly Branch—(SC)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ambrose, Stephen E. Citizen Soldiers: The U.S. Army from the Normandy Beaches to the Bulge to the Surrender of Germany, June 7, 1944--May 7, 1945. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1997. ST,BU,CP, SC—940.5421

Astor, Gerald. A Blood-Dimmed Tide: The Battle of the Bulge by the Men Who Fought It. New York: Donald I. Fine, 1992. HG—940.5421431

Goolrick, William K, and Ogden Tanner. The Battle of the Bulge. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1979. ST—940.5421

Hastings, Max. Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944-45. New York: A.A. Knopf, 2004.HG, BU—940.5421

Kershaw, Alex. The Longest Winter: The Battle of the Bulge and the Epic Story of WWII's Most Decorated Platoon. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2004. HG, BU—940.421934

MacDonald, Charles B. A Time for Trumpets: The Untold Story of the Battle of the Bulge. New York: Morrow, 1984. ST—940.5421

McManus, John C. Alamo in the Ardennes: The Untold Story of the American Soldiers Who Made the Defense of Bastogne Possible. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley, 2007. HG, BU—940.5421

Neill, George W. Infantry Soldier: Holding the Line at the Battle of the Bulge. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2000. HG—940.5421431

Nobécourt, Jacques. Hitler's Last Gamble: The Battle of the Ardennes. London: Chatto & Windus, 1967. ST—940.92

Schrijvers, Peter. The Unknown Dead: Civilians in the Battle of the Bulge. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2005. ST—940.53161

Whiting, Charles. Massacre at Malmedy: The Story of Jochen Peiper's Battle Group, Ardennes, December, 1944. New York: Stein and Day, 1971. ST—940.547

MILITARY RECORDS: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

Military records are often the best source (and, on occasion, the only source) of information on an American ancestor. The books in this list can help you understand what records are available and how to access those of interest.

ABBREVIATIONS

DA—Julia Davis Branch
GEN—Genealogy Room (Central Library)
MA—Machacek Branch
ST—Stacks (Central Library)

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Carter-Walker, Fran. Searching American Military Records. Bountiful, Utah: American Genealogical Lending Library, 1993. GEN—929.1

GI Tracks: Understanding U.S. Military Records. Salt Lake City, UT: Heritage Consulting and Services, 1998. GEN—929.1

Grundset, Eric, Briana L. Diaz, Hollis L. Gentry, and Jean D. Strahan. Forgotten Patriots: African American and American Indian Patriots in the Revolutionary War : a Guide to Service, Sources and Studies. Washington, D.C: National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, 2008. GEN—973.74

Kirkham, E K. Some of the Military Records of America, Before 1900: Their Use and Value in Genealogical and Historical Research. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Co, 1964. GEN—929.373

Knox, Debra J. WWII Military Records: A Family Historian's Guide. Spartanburg, SC: MIE Pub, 2003.GEN--940.546773

McManus, Stephen, Thomas Churchill, and Donald Thompson. Civil War Research Guide: A Guide for Researching Your Civil War Ancestor. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003. ST,GEN—973.7072

Military Service Records: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications. Washington, DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Service Administration, 1985. ST,GEN—016.3556

Neagles, James C. Confederate Research Sources: A Guide to Archive Collections. Salt Lake City, UT: Ancestry Pub, 1986. GEN--026.9737

Neagles, James C. U.S Military Records: A Guide to Federal and State Sources, Colonial America to the Present. Salt Lake City, Utah: Ancestry, 1994. GEN—929.30973

Quillen, W D. Mastering Census & Military Records. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Press, 2012. GEN-929.1

Scott, Craig R. Revolutionary War Genealogy Research. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co, 2011. GEN—929.1

Schubert, Frank N. Voices of the Buffalo Soldier: Records, Reports, and Recollections of Military Life and Service in the West. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2003. DA—355.008996

Schweitzer, George K. Civil War Genealogy: A Basic Research Guide for Tracing Your Civil War Ancestors, with Detailed Sources and Precise Instructions for Obtaining Information from Them. Knoxville, TN: G.K. Schweitzer, 2003. ST,GEN—973.74

Seeley, Charlotte P, Virginia C. Purdy, and Robert Gruber. American Women and the U.S. Armed Forces: A Guide to the Records of Military Agencies in the National Archives Relating to American Women. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1992. ST—355.082

THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

INTRODUCTION

The Cuban missile crisis was a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side and the United States on the other. It is widely believed to be the occasion when the Cold War nearly morphed into a full-scale nuclear conflict.

Cuban Missile Crisis—Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_missile_crisis

ABBREVIATIONS

BU—Buder Branch
CP—Carpenter Branch
DA—Julia Davis Branch
HG—History, Geography, and Travel (Central Library)
MA—Machacek Branch
SC—Schlafly Branch
SS—Social Sciences (Central Library)
ST—Stacks (Central Library)

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allison, Graham T. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston: Little, Brown, 1971. ST—327.73

Blight, James G, and David A. Welch. On the Brink: Americans and Soviets Reexamine the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Hill and Wang, 1989. BU—973.922

Brugioni, Dino A, and Robert F. McCort. Eyeball to Eyeball: The Inside Story of the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Random House, 1991. ST,BU—973.922

Chang, Laurence, and Peter Kornbluh. The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962: A National Security Archive Documents Reader. New York: The New Press, 1992. ST—973.922

Dobbs, Michael. One Minute to Midnight: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008. HG,ST,BU,CP,MA,SC—972.91064

Frankel, Max. High Noon in the Cold War: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Ballantine Books, 2004. SS—327.47093

Garthoff, Raymond L. Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution, 1987. ST—972.91064

George, Alice L. Awaiting Armageddon: How Americans Faced the Cuban Missile Crisis. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. HG—973.912

Kennedy, Robert F. Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: W.W. Norton, 1969. SS,BU—327.73

May, Ernest R, and Philip Zelikow. The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1997. HG,BU—973.922

ARCHANGEL: ALLIED INTERVENTION IN RUSSIA, 1918-1920

The North Russia Intervention was part of the Allied intervention in Russia after the October Revolution. The intervention brought about the involvement of foreign troops (U.S.; U.K.; Canada; and France) in the Russian Civil War on the side of the White movement. The Whites opposed the Bolsheviks (who deposed the Tsar and seized power in late 1917). The northern campaign officially lasted from June 1918 to March 1920. Around 14,000 troops were involved on each side; Allied forces suffered 750 casualties while the Bolsheviks suffered 2,150 casualties.

Abbreviations include:

Central Library locations:

BG: Business, Government, Law, and Literature
ST: Stacks

Albertson, Ralph. Fighting Without a War: An Account of Military Intervention in North Russia. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920. ST—940.91

Bradley, J F. N. Allied Intervention in Russia. New York: Basic Books, 1968. ST—940.414

Brinkley, George A. The Volunteer Army and Allied Intervention in South Russia, 1917-1921: A Study in the Politics and Diplomacy of the Russian Civil War. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1966. ST—947.08

Davis, Donald E, and Eugene P. Trani. The First Cold War: The Legacy of Woodrow Wilson in U.S.-Soviet Relations. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2002. BG—327.7304709

Dobson, Christopher, and John Miller. The Day They Almost Bombed Moscow: The Allied War in Russia, 1918-1920. New York: Atheneum, 1986. ST—947.0841

Foglesong, David S. America's Secret War against Bolshevism: U.S. Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917-1920. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. ST—947.0841

Goldhurst, Richard. The Midnight War: The American Intervention in Russia, 1918-1920. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978. ST—940.4147

Silverlight, John. The Victors' Dilemma: Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War. New York: Weybright and Talley, 1971. ST—947.084

Somin, Ilya. Stillborn Crusade: The Tragic Failure of Western Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1918-1920. New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A: Transaction Publishers, 1996. ST—947.0841

Unterberger, Betty M. America's Siberian Expedition, 1918-1920: A Study of National Policy. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press, 1956. ST—947.084

THE BOMBING OF HIROSHIMA (6 AUGUST 1945)

Note: Wikipedia article on the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki:

LINK

Abbreviations include:

Library branches:

BU: Buder Branch
KI: Kingshighway Branch
SC: Schlafly Branch

Central Library locations:

HG: History, Geography, & Travel Room
ST: Stacks

Alperovitz, Gar. Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam: The Use of the Atomic Bomb and the American Confrontation with Soviet Power. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965. ST—327.73047

Barker, Rodney. The Hiroshima Maidens: A Story of Courage, Compassion, and Survival. New York, N.Y: Viking, 1985. ST,BU—940.5426

Hachiya, Michihiko, and Warner Wells. Hiroshima Diary: The Journal of a Japanese Physician, August 6-September 30, 1945. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1955. ST,BU—940.92

Hersey, John. Hiroshima. New York, NY: Vintage Books, 1989. BU,KI,SC—940.5425

Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings. New York: Basic Books, 1981. ST,BU—940.5426

Kurzman, Dan. Day of the Bomb: Countdown to Hiroshima. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986. ST,BU—940.5425

Lifton, Robert J. Death in Life: Survivors of Hiroshima. New York: Random House, 1968. ST—155.935

Maddox, Robert J. Weapons for Victory: The Hiroshima Decision Fifty Years Later. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1995. ST—940.5425

Rotter, Andrew J. Hiroshima: The World's Bomb. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. ST—355.825119

Walker, Stephen. Shockwave: Countdown to Hiroshima. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2005. ST,BU—940.5425

Wyden, Peter. Day One: Before Hiroshima and After. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984. ST—940.5426

AIR WAR OVER GERMANY

During World War II, American bombers dropped 1,463,423 tons of munitions on German cities and military installations during 74,818 sorties. Such duty was extremely hazardous; 9,949 American bombers and 79,265 American military personnel were casualties of the air war over Germany.

Abbreviations include:

Library branches:

BU: Buder Branch
CP: Carpenter Branch
MA: Machacek Branch
SC: Schlafly Branch

Central Library locations:

CE: Central Express
HG: History, Geography, & Travel Room
ST: Stacks

Ambrose, Stephen E. The Wild Blue: The Men and Boys Who Flew the B-24s over Germany. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 940.544973 [most locations]

Freeman, Gregory A. The Last Mission of the Wham Bam Boys: Courage, Tragedy, and Justice in World War II. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. HG,CE, SC—940.5405

Grayling, A C. Among the Dead Cities: The History and Moral Legacy of the WWII Bombing of Civilians in Germany and Japan. New York: Walker & Co, 2006. HG—940.544973

Kennedy, Paul M. Engineers of Victory: The Problem Solvers Who Turned the Tide in the Second World War. New York: Random House, 2013. HG, CE,BU,CP,MA,SC—940.54

Makos, Adam, and Larry Alexander. A Higher Call. New York: Berkley Books, 2013. CP,MA—940.5440922

Middlebrook, Martin. The Battle of Hamburg: Allied Bomber Forces against a German City in 1943. New York: Scribner, 1981. ST—940.5421

Mrazek, Robert J. To Kingdom Come: An Epic Saga of Survival in the Air War over Germany. New York: NAL Caliber, 2011. HG,CE, BU, SC—940.5421347

Neillands, Robin. The Bomber War: The Allied Air Offensive against Nazi Germany. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2001. ST—940.544941

Nichol, John, and Tony Rennell. Tail-end Charlies: The Last Battles of the Bomber War, 1944-45. New York: T. Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press, 2006. ST—940.544941

Nossack, Hans E, and Joel Agee. The End: Hamburg 1943. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. ST,BU—940.421351

THE BATTLE FOR TARAWA (20-23 November 1943)

In this first major U.S. offensive in the critical central Pacific area, the Marine Corps and Navy faced stubborn resistance by well-prepared Japanese defenders. In 76 hours of fighting, the Marines incurred 1,009 KIA and 2,101 WIA, while the Navy suffered 687 KIA. The Japanese suffered 4,690 KIA (only 17 Japanese soldiers surrendered).

Abbreviations include:

Library branches:

BU: Buder Branch
CP: Carpenter Branch
KI: Kingshighway Branch

Central Library locations:

HG: History, Geography, & Travel Room
ST: Stacks

Alexander, Joseph H. Utmost Savagery: The Three Days of Tarawa. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1995. CP, ST—940.5426

Baldwin, Hanson W. Battles Lost and Won: Great Campaigns of World War II. New York: Harper & Row, 1966. BU—940.92

Chatfield, Gail. By Dammit, We're Marines!: Veterans' Stories of the Heroism, Horror, and Humor in World War II on the Pacific Front. Paragould, AR: Wyndham House Pub., Div.of Cloud Peak Pub, 2008. BU—940.54526

Drez, Ronald J. Twenty-five Yards of War: The Extraordinary Courage of Ordinary Men in World War II. New York: Hyperion, 2001. BU, KI—940.5308421

Rogal, William W. Guadalcanal, Tarawa and Beyond: A Mud Marine's Memoir of the Pacific Island War. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co, 2010. HG—940.545973

Russ, Martin. Line of Departure: Tarawa. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday, 1975. ST—940.5426

Stockman, James R. The Battle for Tarawa. Washington: Historical Section, Division of Public Information, headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1947. ST—940.92

Werstein, Irving. Tarawa, a Battle Report. New York: Crowell, 1965. ST—940.92

Wheeler, Richard. A Special Valor: The U.S. Marines and the Pacific War. New York: Harper & Row, 1983. ST—940.5426

Wukovits, John F. One Square Mile of Hell: The Battle for Tarawa. New York: NAL Caliber, 2006. HG—940.5426681

GERMAN IMMIGRATION TO THE U. S., 1683-1978:

1683--First permanent German settlement in U.S. is founded at Germantown, PA.

1683-1820--Emigration from Germany during this period is caused mainly by religious persecution & economic hardship. Emigration includes a large number of Protestants from the Palatinate (southwest Germany).

1700-1800--Many German Protestants settle in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia. German Catholics begin arriving in Maryland. Approximately 200,000 Germans emigrate to U.S. during this period, and 70,000 of them settle in PA.

1708-1710--Most intense winter in memory begins in Germany in October 1708 and continues until April 1709. The intense cold destroys fruit trees and vineyards. Many Germans leave southwest Germany for London. British government originally encourages settlement of German Protestants in Ireland, but later encourages their settlement in America. Groups of German settlers leave England in 1710 bound for the Carolinas and New York.

1775-1783--Large numbers of Hessians (German soldiers hired out by their monarchs to the King of Great Britain) serve in the British Army during the American Revolution. At least 12,000 desert and remain behind in America and Canada.

1789-1800--French Revolution rocks Europe; various European wars occur during this time period.

1803-1815--Napoleonic wars; France more or less constantly at war with one or more other European powers, including Prussia & Austria.

1821-1871--Emigration from Germany during this time period is caused mainly by economic hardship and war. Emigration includes large numbers of persons from Alsace-Lorraine, Baden, Hessen, Rheinland, and Wurttemberg (southeast Germany).

1848--Revolutions in Europe begin. Various German principalities rebel, although rebellion is probably most widespread in Baden.

1849--After the revolutions fail, revolutionaries flee to Zurich, London, and America.

1850--Hamburg passenger lists begin. Hamburg and Bremen become popular places to emigrate from because city fathers realize that money can be made feeding and housing emigrants while they wait to sail, and by making them pay a tax to emigrate. Bremen is more popular, because it has a reputation for treating emigrants better than does Hamburg.

1851--The advent of the steamship in the 1850s cuts trans-Atlantic travel time from 43 days (sailing ship) to 13 days.

1854--250,000 Germans arrive at U.S. ports.

1862-1865--Germans who serve in the Union Army can become American citizens after 1 year of residency in the U.S. States like Pennsylvania and New York actively recruit Army volunteers in Germany, paying their passage and enlistment bounties.

1866--Prussia defeats Austria in Seven Weeks’ War.

1870-1871--Many men flee Germany to avoid serving in the Franco-Prussian War. German Empire founded in 1871.

1871-1914--Emigration to the U.S. becomes more common from all parts of Germany.

1880--200,000 Germans arrive at U.S. ports.

1890--Large German-born populations are living in NY, PA, OH, IL, MN, WI, and MO. 70,000 German-born persons are living in Deep South, including 15,000 in New Orleans. More German citizens are living in New York City than live in Hamburg, Germany.

1920--Between 1820 and 1920, more than 5,500,000 Germans emigrate to U.S., more than any other nationality including the Irish (4,400,000).

1944--Nearly all existing Bremen passenger lists are destroyed during Allied bombing raid on October 6, 1944. All that remains are some records for 1907 and 1913-1914.

1978--A study shows that nearly 7,000,000 Germans settled in U.S. between 1820 and 1977.

The following books are available in the Genealogy Room at St. Louis Public Library (Central Library, 3rd Floor). This list includes just a few of the books, microfilm sets, and reference databases in our collection that can be of use to the person researching German ancestors. We can check books/microfilm sets that are indexed (or arranged in alphabetical order by surname) for you; just email us at webref@slpl.org.

Colletta, John P. They Came in Ships: A Guide to Finding Your Immigrant Ancestor's Arrival Record. Orem, Utah: Ancestry, 2002. [Genealogy Room—929.1]

Glazier, Ira A, and P W. Filby. Germans to America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports. 67 vols. Wilmington, Del: Scholarly Resources, 1988. [Genealogy Room—929.308931]

Glazier, Ira A. Germans to America: Series II. 7 vols. Wilmington, Del: Scholarly Resources, 2002. [Genealogy Room—929.308931]

Hansen, Claus B. Passenger Liners from Germany, 1816-1990. West Chester, Pa: Schiffer Pub, 1991. [Stacks-Oversize—387.2432]

Smith, Clifford N. From Bremen to America in 1850: Fourteen Rare Emigrant Ship Lists. Baltimore, Md: Reprinted for Clearfield Co. by Genealogical Pub. Co, 1987. [Genealogy Room—929.343]

Smith, Clifford N. Reconstructed Passenger Lists for 1850: Hamburg to Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, and the United States. McNeal, Ariz: Westland Publications, 1980. [Genealogy Room—929.343]

Smith, Clifford N. Reconstructed Passenger Lists for 1851 Via Hamburg: Emigrants from Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Scandinavia, and Switzerland to Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the United States, and Venezuela. McNeal, Ariz: Westland Publications, 1986. [Genealogy Room—929.343]

Strassburger, Ralph B, and William J. Hinke. Pennsylvania German Pioneers: A Publication of the Original Lists of Arrivals in the Port of Philadelphia from 1727 to 1808. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co, 1966. [Genealogy Room—929.343]

Yoder, Don. Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co, 1980. [Genealogy Room—929.3748]

Zimmerman, Gary J, and Marion Wolfert. German Immigrants: Lists of Passengers Bound from Bremen to New York [dates], with Places of Origin. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co, 1985. [Genealogy Room—929.343]

GENEALOGICAL RECORDS OF THE WAR OF 1812, PART IV

War of 1812-- Military Service & Enlistment Records

Microfilm

1. Index to Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Soldiers Who Served During the War of 1812. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. 234 reels.[Central-MI 973.74]

2. Registers of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. 47 reels. [Central-MI 973]

Books

3. Callahan, Edward William. List of officers of the Navy of the United States and of the Marine Corps from 1775 to 1900; comprising a complete register of all present and former commissioned, warranted, and appointed officers of the United States Navy and of the Marine Corps, regular and volunteer. Compiled from the official records of the Navy Dept. New York: Haskell House, 1969. [Central-HG 353.7]

4. Coles, Harry Lewis. The War of 1812. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965. [Central-ST 973.5]

5. Gandrud, Pauline Myra Jones. Alabama Soldiers: Revolution, War of 1812, and Indian Wars / compiled by Pauline Jones Gandrud; edited by Bobbie Jones McLane. Hot Springs National Park, AR: B. J. McLane: P. J. Gandrud, 1975- 1992, 15 vols. [Central-HG, ST 929.3761]

6. Gardner, Charles K. A dictionary of all officers, who have been commissioned, or have been appointed and served, in the army of the United States, since the inauguration of their first president in 1789, to the first January, 1853,--with every commission of each;--including the distinguished officers of the volunteers and militia of the states, and of the navy and marine corps, who have served with the land forces. New York : G. P. Putnam and Company, 1853. [Central-ST 353.6]

7. Hamersly, Thomas Holdup Stevens. Complete general navy register of the United States of America from 1776 to 1887 arranged in alphabetical order; containing the names of all officers of the navy, volunteer and regular, who have entered the service from the time of the Revolutionary War to the present time [1776-1887], containing the official record of each officer as on file at the Navy Department, showing the dates of their original entry, of their progressive rank, and in what manner they left the service, if not now in it. Compiled from the official records by Thomas H. S. Hamersly. New York: T.H.S.Hamersly, publisher, 1888. [Central-ST 353.7]

8.Huntsberry, Thomas Vincent and Joanne M. Huntsberry. Maryland Privateers, War of 1812. Baltimore, MD : J. Mart, 1983. [Central-HG 973.525]

9. Huntsberry, Thomas Vincent and Joanne M. Huntsberry. Western Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia Militia in defense of Maryland, 1805 to 1815 / by Thomas V. Huntsberry; assisted by Joanne M. Huntsberry. Baltimore, MD: T.V. Huntsberry, 1983. [Central-HG 973.52452]

10. Irving, L. Homfray. Officers of the British Forces in Canada During the War of 1812-15. Welland, Ontario, Canada: Welland Tribune Printers, 1908. [Central-ST 973.5]

11. Kentucky. Adjutant-General's Office. Kentucky Soldiers of the War of 1812 [originally published in 1891 under title: Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Kentucky: Soldiers of the War of 1812. With an added index compiled by Minnie S. Wilder, 1931, and a new introduction by G. Glenn Clift. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1969. [Central-HG 973.524]

12. Kratovil, Judy Swaim. Index to War of 1812 Service Records for Volunteer Soldiers from Georgia/ abstracted by Judy Swaim Kratovil. Atlanta, GA [P.O. Box 450062, Atlanta 30345]: J. S. Kratovil, 1986. [Central-HG 973.52]

13. Marine, William Matthew. The British Invasion of Maryland, 1812-1815, with an appendix containing eleven thousand names by Louis Henry Dielman. Baltimore, MD: Society of the War of 1812 in Maryland, 1913. [Central HG 973.5]

14. Moore, Mary Brown Daniel. Record of Commissions of Officers in the Tennessee Militia, 1796-1815/ compiled by Mrs. John Trotwood Moore ; with a new introd. by Robert M. McBride; and an index for the years 1812-1815 by Anita Comtois. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1977. [Central-HG 973.4]

15. North Carolina. Adjutant General's Department. Muster Rolls of the Soldiers of the War of 1812 : detached from the Militia of North Carolina in 1812 and 1814 / published under the direction of the Adjutant General ; with an added index by Maurice S. Toler [reprint of the 1926 ed. published by Barber Printing Co., Winston-Salem, N.C.- originally published in 1851]. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1976. [Central-HG 973.524]

16. Sistler, Byron and Samuel Sistler. Tennesseans in the War of 1812/transcribed and indexed by Byron and Samuel Sistler. Nashville, TN : B. Sistler & Associates, 1992. [Central-HG 973.52468]

17. Wright, F. Edward. Maryland Militia, War of 1812. Silver Spring, Md.: Family Line, c1979-1980, 7 vols. [Central-HG 973.52452]

MAJOR AMERICAN MILITARY CONFLICTS, PART X

Spanish-American War--Casualty Lists and Burial Records

104. Peterson, Clarence S. Known Military Dead During the Spanish-American War and the Philippines Insurrection, 1898-1901. Baltimore: C. S. Peterson, 1958. (Central-HG 973.89)

105. Pompey, Sherman L. A Partial Listing of Veterans of the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the Spanish-American War Buried in Certain Missouri Cemeteries. Warrensburg: Johnson County Historical Society, 1962. (Central-ST 353.6)

106. Tabb, Kathy, and Evelyn Sawyer. Index to Michigan Soldiers Obituaries: Civil, Spanish, and World War I. MI: Western Michigan Genealogical Society, 1989. (Central-HG 973.001)

World War I--Casualty Lists and Burial Records

107. Soldiers of the Great War. Washington, D.C.: Soldiers’ Record Publishing Co., 1920, 3 vols. Lists by state of World War I Army dead. (Central-ST 940.91)

108. United States. Navy Department. Bureau of Navigation. Officers and Enlisted Men of the United States Navy Who Lost Their Lives During the World War, from April 6, 1917, to November 11, 1918. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1920. (Central-ST 940.91)

109. Zimmer, Keith. St. Louis Post-Dispatch Newspaper Obituaries. St. Louis: St. Louis Public Library. Scroll down to Casualty Lists.

World War II--Casualty Lists and Burial Records

110. Mix, Ann B. Touchstones: a Guide to Records, Rights, and Resources for Families of American World War II Casualties. Bountiful, UT: AGLL, 1996. (Central-HG 929.1)

111. Steere, Edward. The Graves Registration Service in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Historical Section, Office of the Quartermaster General, 1951. (Central-ST 355.6)

112. United States. Navy Department of Information. State Summary of War Casualties, Missouri. Washington, D.C.: U.S.Government Printing Office, 1946. (Central-ST 940.5467778)

113. United States. Navy Department of Information. Combat Connected Naval Casualties, World War II, by States, 1946, U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, 2 vols. Missouri casualties are in vol. 2. (Central-HG 940.92)

114. Zimmer, Keith. St. Louis Post-Dispatch Newspaper Obituaries. St. Louis: St. Louis Public Library. Scroll down to Casualty Lists.

Korean War--Casualty Lists and Burial Records

115. Korean War Dead. State-by-state lists available from the National Archives.

Vietnam War--Casualty Lists and Burial Records

116. Vietnam Veterans Memorial: Directory of Names. Washington, D.C.: Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, 1982. (Central-HG 959.70433)

117. Vietnam War Dead. State-by-state lists available from the National Archives.

MAJOR AMERICAN MILITARY CONFLICTS, PART IX

Revolutionary War-- Casualty Lists and Burial Records

92. Daughters of the American Revolution. Revolutionary Soldiers Buried in Missouri. Kansas City: DAR, 1966. (Central-HG 973.74)

93. Hatcher, Patricia Law. Abstract of Graves of Revolutionary Patriots. Dallas: Pioneer Heritage Press, 1987-1988. (Central-HG 973.74)

94. Illinois State Genealogical Society. Soldiers of the American Revolution Buried in Illinois: a Bicentennial Project of the Illinois State Genealogical Society. Springfield: The Society, 1975. (Central-HG 929.3773)

95. Peterson, Clarence S. Known Military Dead During the American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783. Baltimore: C. S. Peterson, 1959. (Central-HG 973.74)

War of 1812-- Casualty Lists and Burial Records

96. Peterson, Clarence S. Known Military Dead During the War of 1812. Baltimore: C. S. Peterson, 1955. (Central-HG 973.5)

Mexican-American War-- Casualty Lists and Burial Records

97. Peterson, Clarence S. Known Military Dead during the Mexican War, 1846-1848. Baltimore: the Author, 1957. (Central-HG 973.6)

Civil War-- Casualty Lists and Burial Records

98. Confederate Roll of Honor: Missouri. Ed. by Leslie Anders. Warrensburg, MO: West Central Missouri Genealogical Society and Library, Inc., 1989.(Central-HG 973.76)

99. Faehtz, Ernest F. M. The National Memorial Day: a Record of Ceremonies Over the Graves of the Union Soldiers, May 29 & 30, 1869. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, Grand Army of the Republic, 1870. (Central-ST 973.7)

100. Praus, Alexis A. Confederate Soldiers, Sailors, and Civilians Who Died as Prisoners of War at Camp Douglas, Chicago, Ill., 1862-1865. Kalamazoo, MI: Gray Publications, 1968. (Central-HG, ST 973.76)

101. Reamy, Martha & William Reamy. Index to the Roll of Honor. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1995. (Central-HG 973.76)

102. Soldiers Buried at Union Cemetery, Kansas City, MO. Kansas City: Union Cemetery Historical Society, 1988, 2 vols. (Central-HG 929.3778)

103. United States. War Department. Quartermaster’s Department. Roll of Honor: Names of Soldiers Who Died in Defense of the American Union, Interred in the National Cemeteries. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1994. Multi-volume set, indexed. Lists Union soldiers buried in national cemeteries during the Civil War, or reinterred in them shortly after the war. (Central-HG 973.76)

MAJOR AMERICAN MILITARY CONFLICTS, PART III

War of 1812-- Military Service Records & Rosters

Microfilm

12. Index to Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Soldiers Who Served During the War of 1812, 234 reels. (Central-Microfilm)

Books

13. Coles, Harry Lewis. The War of 1812. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965. (Central-ST 973.5)

14. North Carolina. Adjutant-General. Muster Rolls of the Soldiers of the War of 1812. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976. (Central-HG 973.524)

Mexican-American War-- Military Service Records & Rosters

Microfilm

15. Index to Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Soldiers Who Served During the Mexican-American War, 41 reels. (Central-Microfilm)

Books

16. Dufour, Charles. The Mexican War: a Compact History. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1968. Maps. (Central-ST 973.6)

17. Hackenburg, Randy W. Pennsylvania in the War With Mexico. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Co., 1992. (Central-HG 972.05)

18. Nebraska. Secretary of State. Roster of Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines of the War of 1812, Mexican War, and the War of the Rebellion, Residing in Nebraska, June 1, 1893. Lincoln: Jacob North & Co., 1893. (Central-ST 973.74)

MAJOR AMERICAN MILITARY CONFLICTS, PART I

1775-1783--Revolutionary War (Was your male ancestor 10-45 years of age in 1775?)

1812-1814--War of 1812 (Was your male ancestor 15-45 years of age in 1812?)

1846-1848--Mexican-American War (Was your male ancestor 16-45 years of age in 1846?)

1861-1865--Civil War (Was your male ancestor 13-45 years of age in 1861?)

1898--Spanish-American War (Was your male ancestor 18-45 years of age in 1898?)

1917-1918--World War I (Was your ancestor 17-45 years of age in 1917?)

1941-1945--World War II (Was your ancestor 13-45 years of age in 1941?)

1950-1953--Korean War (Was your ancestor 15-45 years of age in 1950?)

1964-1973--Vietnam War (Was your ancestor 9-45 years of age in 1964?)

1990-1991--Gulf War (Was your ancestor 17-45 years of age in 1990?)


If you know when an American man (or woman) was born, it is fairly easy to figure out in which war(s) he may have served. Just figure that men have generally been liable for military service between the ages of 18-45, with those between the ages of 18-35 being the ones most likely to enlist/be drafted. Also be aware that it would have been hard for men 18-35 to avoid serving in several of these wars, notably the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, and World War II, while it would have been relatively easy to avoid serving in the Mexican-American War, the Spanish-American War, and the Gulf War.

Men who have served in America’s wars have been eligible at various times for special government programs, including bounty land grants and military pensions. Bounty land warrants were granted at various times during the period 1788-1855. Warrantees could receive up to 160 acres each (privates or seamen), all of which need not have been awarded under the provisions of one particular piece of legislation. A soldier’s heirs could also receive a grant for land based on his service, so long as total acreage awarded to that man and his heirs did not exceed 160 acres.

Land warrants initially would have been redeemable in specially earmarked military districts: men receiving warrants in 1847 and after could redeem them for any open public lands, not just land in military districts. Civil War Union soldiers did not receive bounty lands, although they could deduct time in service from the residency requirements of the 1862 Homestead Act.

Most bounty land was located in the present-day states of Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Illinois, with smaller amounts in the present-day states of New York, Pennsylvania, Arkansas, South Carolina, Georgia, and Missouri. Most land warrants were issued by the federal government, although some state governments, notably Pennsylvania and New York, also rewarded Revolutionary War soldiers with land grants.

Immediately after each of these wars, pensions were available only to those men permanently disabled by their service, and to widows or orphans of men killed in the war. Pensions would become available later to any man who had served in the war who was unable to support himself and/or his family due to age and/or infirmity; then at some later point would be available to any surviving soldier of a particular war. For example, Revolutionary War vets became eligible in 1818 for pensions if they had financial need for support, and if they had either 9 months total service or had served to the end of the war.

Civil War Union soldiers received pensions from the federal government, while Confederate soldiers received pensions directly from the Southern or border state they were living in after the war (surviving Confederate widows only became eligible for federal pensions in 1959--after the last Confederate vet had passed on).

Men entering military service sometimes received one-time payments for enlisting (bounties were more widely available in the North than in the South). These payments could come from the soldier’s town, county, state, or the federal government, or from all four (some soldiers enlisting in the Union Army in late 1864/early 1865 received bonuses of up to $1,200, a very substantial sum at the time).

Certain types of aid to soldiers and/or their families were made only by state/local governments. While in service, a man’s family (in some states) could receive relief payments if receipt of a soldier’s meager pay ($13.00/month) was causing family hardship. Victims of amputation could receive artificial limbs from some states (1/3 of Mississippi’s budget in 1866 consisted of payments for artificial limbs and eyes).

Families of deceased veterans were also eligible for certain forms of aid. The family of a Union soldier killed during the war received a one-time payment of $100 from the federal government. The man’s body could be buried by the U.S. Army on or near the place where he fell, or the family could pay to transport the body home. The U.S. government furnished a headstone to a veteran’s family free of charge (and maintains a list of veterans for whom a headstone was furnished).

WARS OF OUR COUNTRY

An often times overlooked source of information on our ancestors is military records. If you had male ancestors in the age groups specified during the following wars, there may be a military service record at the National Archives in Washington, DC, or at the State Archives in the state whose military unit he served in:

1775-1783 Revolutionary War (Was your male ancestor 10-45 years of age in 1775?)

1812-1814 War of 1812 (Was your male ancestor 15-45 years of age in 1812?)

1846-1848 Mexican-American War (Was your male ancestor 16-45 years of age in
1846?)

1861-1865 Civil War (Was your male ancestor 13-45 years of age in 1861?)

1898 Spanish-American War (Was your male ancestor 18-45 years of age
in 1898?)

An often times overlooked source of information on our ancestors is military records. If you had male or female ancestors in the age groups specified during the following wars, there may be a military service record at the National Personnel Records Center in St. Louis, Missouri, or at the State Archives in the state he or she enlisted from:

1917-1918 World War I (Was your male ancestor 17-45 years of age in 1917?)

1941-1945 World War II (Was your ancestor 13-45 years of age in 1941?)

1950-1953 Korean War (Was your ancestor 15-45 years of age in 1950?)

1964-1973 Vietnam War (Was your ancestor 9-45 years of age in 1964?)

1990-1991 Gulf War (Was your ancestor 17-45 years of age in 1990?)

ROOTS: DISCOVERING YOUR AFRICAN ORIGINS, PT. VI

X. Bibliography

Bergman, Peter. Chronological History of the Negro in America (1969). HG-Ref 326

Cooke, Jacob E., ed. Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies (1993), vol. II. HG-Ref 940.03

Davidson, Basil. Africa in History: Themes and Outlines (1991). HG-Ref 960.03

Miller, Randall M., ed. Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery (1988). HG-Ref 305.567

Morrison, Donald G. Black Africa: a Comparative Handbook (1972). ST-Circ 309.167

Murdock, George P. Africa: Its Peoples and Their Cultural History (1959). ST-Circ 572.96

Oliver, Roland, ed. Cambridge Encyclopedia of Africa (1981), pp.78-86, 145-155. HG-Ref 960.03

Compiled by Thomas A. Pearson
Reference Librarian
Special Collections Department
St. Louis Public Library


Other SLPL indexes and bibliographies

Copyright © 2004-2009 by St. Louis Public Library. All rights reserved.

ROOTS: DISCOVERING YOUR AFRICAN ORIGINS, PT. IV

VI. SOME U.S. SLAVE STATES AND THE MAJOR SLAVE-TRADING REGIONS OF AFRICA FAVORED BY THOSE STATES

State names are in bold face type.

1. Louisiana: Senegambia
2. Maryland: Bight of Biafra, Gold Coast, Windward Coast
3. South Carolina: Senegambia, Windward Coast, Angola (over 40% of U.S. slaves arrived at South Carolina ports: 80% of these were from Senegambia and the Windward Coast)
4. Virginia: Bight of Biafra, Gold Coast, Windward Coast
5. Missouri: see Louisiana & Virginia above (many Missouri slaves were either brought up the river from New Orleans or came here with their Virginia masters)

Note: Slaveholders in certain states were partial to certain slave-trading regions because the climate and topography of that region resembled to some extent that of the American state. Slaves from that region as a result were often familiar with the cultivation of certain crops such as rice and indigo, and resistant to many of the diseases prevalent in southern states such as malaria and yellow fever.

VII. MAJOR AFRICAN TRIBES INVOLVED IN THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICA / UNITED STATES SLAVE TRADE AND THE MODERN-DAY AFRICAN COUNTRIES THEY INHABIT

Tribe names are in bold face type.

1. Ashanti: 1.5 million (Ghana)
2. Bakongo: 400,000 (Republic of the Congo)
3. Dyola: 24,000 (The Gambia); 330,000 (Senegal)
4. Ewe: 1,058,000 (Ghana); 362,000 (Togo)
5. Fante: 400,000 (Ghana)
6. Ga: 285,000 (Ghana)
7. Gola: 88,000 (Liberia)
8. Hausa: 12 million (Nigeria)
9. Kru: 87,000 (Liberia)
10. Lobi: 291,000 (Burkina-Faso); 236,000 (Ivory Coast)
11. Luba: 1,960,00 (Zaire)
12. Lunda: 311,000 (Zambia)
13. Malinke: 1.5 million (The Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone)
14. Mende: 1 million (Liberia)
15. Ovimbundu: 1.7 million (Angola) Note: this tribe is also known as the Mbundu.
16. Teke: 170,00 (Republic of the Congo)
17. Temne: 731,000 (Sierra Leone)
18. Wolof: 1.5 million (The Gambia, Senegal)
19. Yoruba: 12 million (Benin, Nigeria)

Compiled by Thomas A. Pearson, Reference Librarian
Special Collections Department
St. Louis Public Library
http://www.slpl.org/

Copyright © 2004-2009 by St. Louis Public Library. All rights reserved.