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ARCHANGEL: ALLIED INTERVENTION IN RUSSIA, 1918-1920

The North Russia Intervention was part of the Allied intervention in Russia after the October Revolution. The intervention brought about the involvement of foreign troops (U.S.; U.K.; Canada; and France) in the Russian Civil War on the side of the White movement. The Whites opposed the Bolsheviks (who deposed the Tsar and seized power in late 1917). The northern campaign officially lasted from June 1918 to March 1920. Around 14,000 troops were involved on each side; Allied forces suffered 750 casualties while the Bolsheviks suffered 2,150 casualties.

Abbreviations include:

Central Library locations:

BG: Business, Government, Law, and Literature
ST: Stacks

Albertson, Ralph. Fighting Without a War: An Account of Military Intervention in North Russia. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920. ST—940.91

Bradley, J F. N. Allied Intervention in Russia. New York: Basic Books, 1968. ST—940.414

Brinkley, George A. The Volunteer Army and Allied Intervention in South Russia, 1917-1921: A Study in the Politics and Diplomacy of the Russian Civil War. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1966. ST—947.08

Davis, Donald E, and Eugene P. Trani. The First Cold War: The Legacy of Woodrow Wilson in U.S.-Soviet Relations. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2002. BG—327.7304709

Dobson, Christopher, and John Miller. The Day They Almost Bombed Moscow: The Allied War in Russia, 1918-1920. New York: Atheneum, 1986. ST—947.0841

Foglesong, David S. America's Secret War against Bolshevism: U.S. Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917-1920. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. ST—947.0841

Goldhurst, Richard. The Midnight War: The American Intervention in Russia, 1918-1920. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978. ST—940.4147

Silverlight, John. The Victors' Dilemma: Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War. New York: Weybright and Talley, 1971. ST—947.084

Somin, Ilya. Stillborn Crusade: The Tragic Failure of Western Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1918-1920. New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A: Transaction Publishers, 1996. ST—947.0841

Unterberger, Betty M. America's Siberian Expedition, 1918-1920: A Study of National Policy. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press, 1956. ST—947.084

ROOTS: DISCOVERING YOUR AFRICAN ORIGINS, PT. IV

VI. SOME U.S. SLAVE STATES AND THE MAJOR SLAVE-TRADING REGIONS OF AFRICA FAVORED BY THOSE STATES

State names are in bold face type.

1. Louisiana: Senegambia
2. Maryland: Bight of Biafra, Gold Coast, Windward Coast
3. South Carolina: Senegambia, Windward Coast, Angola (over 40% of U.S. slaves arrived at South Carolina ports: 80% of these were from Senegambia and the Windward Coast)
4. Virginia: Bight of Biafra, Gold Coast, Windward Coast
5. Missouri: see Louisiana & Virginia above (many Missouri slaves were either brought up the river from New Orleans or came here with their Virginia masters)

Note: Slaveholders in certain states were partial to certain slave-trading regions because the climate and topography of that region resembled to some extent that of the American state. Slaves from that region as a result were often familiar with the cultivation of certain crops such as rice and indigo, and resistant to many of the diseases prevalent in southern states such as malaria and yellow fever.

VII. MAJOR AFRICAN TRIBES INVOLVED IN THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICA / UNITED STATES SLAVE TRADE AND THE MODERN-DAY AFRICAN COUNTRIES THEY INHABIT

Tribe names are in bold face type.

1. Ashanti: 1.5 million (Ghana)
2. Bakongo: 400,000 (Republic of the Congo)
3. Dyola: 24,000 (The Gambia); 330,000 (Senegal)
4. Ewe: 1,058,000 (Ghana); 362,000 (Togo)
5. Fante: 400,000 (Ghana)
6. Ga: 285,000 (Ghana)
7. Gola: 88,000 (Liberia)
8. Hausa: 12 million (Nigeria)
9. Kru: 87,000 (Liberia)
10. Lobi: 291,000 (Burkina-Faso); 236,000 (Ivory Coast)
11. Luba: 1,960,00 (Zaire)
12. Lunda: 311,000 (Zambia)
13. Malinke: 1.5 million (The Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone)
14. Mende: 1 million (Liberia)
15. Ovimbundu: 1.7 million (Angola) Note: this tribe is also known as the Mbundu.
16. Teke: 170,00 (Republic of the Congo)
17. Temne: 731,000 (Sierra Leone)
18. Wolof: 1.5 million (The Gambia, Senegal)
19. Yoruba: 12 million (Benin, Nigeria)

Compiled by Thomas A. Pearson, Reference Librarian
Special Collections Department
St. Louis Public Library
http://www.slpl.org/

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