These and other books on the subject can be found using our Online Catalog.
Showing posts with label Diseases. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Diseases. Show all posts
Tuesday, August 26, 2014
THE CONQUEST OF POLIO
Today is the birthday of Albert Sabin, developer of the oral polio vaccine (b. August 26, 1906):
These and other books on the subject can be found using our Online Catalog.
These and other books on the subject can be found using our Online Catalog.
Thursday, March 6, 2014
THE 1918 FLU PANDEMIC: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
The 1918 flu pandemic (January 1918–December 1920) was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic, the first of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the second being the 2009 flu pandemic). It infected 500 million people across the world, including remote Pacific islands and the Arctic, and killed 50 to 100 million of them—three to five percent of the world's population —making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history.
The pandemic surfaced at Fort Riley, Kansas in early 1918. By mid-March, more than 500 soldiers there were exhibiting flu symptoms:
Wikipedia article: 1918 Flu Pandemic:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic
LIBRARY LOCATIONS
HG: History, Geography, & Travel Room (Central Library)
S-TECH: Science & Technology Room (Central Library)
ST: Stacks (Central Library)
BU: Buder Branch
CP: Carpenter Branch
SC: Schlafly Branch
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Title: America's forgotten pandemic: the influenza of 1918.
Author/Compiler: Crosby, Alfred W.
Local Call Number: ST—614.518
Publication Date: 1989.
Format: Books.
Title: American pandemic: the lost worlds of the 1918 influenza epidemic .
Author/Compiler: Bristow, Nancy K.
Local Call Number: S-TECH—614.5180973
Publication Date: 2012.
Format: Books.
Title: The burdens of disease: epidemics and human response in Western history.
Author/Compiler: Hays, J. N.
Local Call Number: ST—614.49
Publication Date: 1998.
Format: Books.
Title: The devil's flu: the world's deadliest influenza epidemic and the scientific hunt for the virus that caused it.
Author/Compiler: Davies, Pete.
Local Call Number: ST—614.5180904
Publication Date: 2000.
Format: Books.
Title: Dread: how fear and fantasy have fueled epidemics from the Black Death to avian flu.
Author/Compiler: Alcabes, Philip.
Local Call Number: BU—614.4
Publication Date: 2009.
Format: Books.
Title: Flu: the story of the great influenza pandemic of 1918 and the search for the virus that caused it.
Author/Compiler: Kolata, Gina Bari.
Local Call Number: SC—614.5180904
Publication Date: 2001.
Format: Books.
Title: The great influenza: the epic story of the deadliest plague in history.
Author/Compiler: Barry, John M.
Local Call Number: S-TECH—614.5180904
Publication Date: 2004.
Format: Books.
Title: Influenza 1918: the worst epidemic in American history / foreword by David McCullough.
Author/Compiler: Iezzoni, Lynette.
Local Call Number: S-TECH—614.518
Publication Date: 1999.
Format: Books.
Title: Man and microbes: disease and plagues in history and modern times.
Author/Compiler: Karlen, Arno.
Local Call Number: HG—614.409
Publication Date: 1995.
Format: Books.
Title: Plagues in world history.
Author/Compiler: Aberth, John.
Local Call Number: S-TECH—614.4
Publication Date: 2011.
Format: Books.
The 1918 flu pandemic (January 1918–December 1920) was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic, the first of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the second being the 2009 flu pandemic). It infected 500 million people across the world, including remote Pacific islands and the Arctic, and killed 50 to 100 million of them—three to five percent of the world's population —making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history.
The pandemic surfaced at Fort Riley, Kansas in early 1918. By mid-March, more than 500 soldiers there were exhibiting flu symptoms:
Wikipedia article: 1918 Flu Pandemic:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic
LIBRARY LOCATIONS
HG: History, Geography, & Travel Room (Central Library)
S-TECH: Science & Technology Room (Central Library)
ST: Stacks (Central Library)
BU: Buder Branch
CP: Carpenter Branch
SC: Schlafly Branch
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Title: America's forgotten pandemic: the influenza of 1918.
Author/Compiler: Crosby, Alfred W.
Local Call Number: ST—614.518
Publication Date: 1989.
Format: Books.
Title: American pandemic: the lost worlds of the 1918 influenza epidemic .
Author/Compiler: Bristow, Nancy K.
Local Call Number: S-TECH—614.5180973
Publication Date: 2012.
Format: Books.
Title: The burdens of disease: epidemics and human response in Western history.
Author/Compiler: Hays, J. N.
Local Call Number: ST—614.49
Publication Date: 1998.
Format: Books.
Title: The devil's flu: the world's deadliest influenza epidemic and the scientific hunt for the virus that caused it.
Author/Compiler: Davies, Pete.
Local Call Number: ST—614.5180904
Publication Date: 2000.
Format: Books.
Title: Dread: how fear and fantasy have fueled epidemics from the Black Death to avian flu.
Author/Compiler: Alcabes, Philip.
Local Call Number: BU—614.4
Publication Date: 2009.
Format: Books.
Title: Flu: the story of the great influenza pandemic of 1918 and the search for the virus that caused it.
Author/Compiler: Kolata, Gina Bari.
Local Call Number: SC—614.5180904
Publication Date: 2001.
Format: Books.
Title: The great influenza: the epic story of the deadliest plague in history.
Author/Compiler: Barry, John M.
Local Call Number: S-TECH—614.5180904
Publication Date: 2004.
Format: Books.
Title: Influenza 1918: the worst epidemic in American history / foreword by David McCullough.
Author/Compiler: Iezzoni, Lynette.
Local Call Number: S-TECH—614.518
Publication Date: 1999.
Format: Books.
Title: Man and microbes: disease and plagues in history and modern times.
Author/Compiler: Karlen, Arno.
Local Call Number: HG—614.409
Publication Date: 1995.
Format: Books.
Title: Plagues in world history.
Author/Compiler: Aberth, John.
Local Call Number: S-TECH—614.4
Publication Date: 2011.
Format: Books.
Tuesday, August 31, 2010
KILLED BY THE CURE: CIVIL WAR MEDICINE, PT. VII
XX. Diseases Most Commonly Contracted by Civil War Soldiers
Six million cases of disease were reported to or discovered by Union medical officers during the Civil War. These 15 diseases account for 3,966,828 (66%) of those cases:
Listings provide Disease; Number of Cases; Number of Deaths; and Death Rate.
1. Diarrhea or dysentery---1,585,196---37,794---(2.38 %)
2. Malaria---1,213,685---12,199---(1.01 %)
3. Pneumonia/diseases of respiratory tract---448,923---17,902---(3.99 %)
4. Catarrh/Bronchitis---281,294---1,185---(0.42 %)
5. Gonorrhea---95,833---6---(0.01 %)
6. Typhoid fever---75,368---27,056---(35.90 %)
7. Syphilis---73,382---123---(0.17 %)
8. Measles---67,763---4,246---(6.27 %)
9. Mumps---48,128---72---(0.15 %)
10. Scurvy---30,714---383---(1.25 %)
11. Tuberculosis---13,499---5,286---(39.16 %)
12. Smallpox---12,236---4,717---(38.55 %)
13. Chronic Alcoholism/Delirium tremens---10,253---605---(5.90 %)
14. Diptheria---8,053---777---(9.65 %)
15. Typhus---2,501---850---(33.99 %)
XXI. Anesthesia
Two main forms of anesthesia were used during the Civil War: chloroform and ether. In the 8,900 surgeries reported to the Union Surgeon General in which type of anesthesia was specified, chloroform was used in 76% of cases, ether in 15% of cases, and some combination of chloroform and ether in 9% of cases. Of the 6,784 cases using chloroform that were reported, death attributable to the anesthetic was involved in 37 cases, or 0.5%. 254 surgeries were reported in which no anesthetic was used (3%).
Tom Pearson, Reference Librarian
Special Collections Department
St. Louis Public Library
1301 Olive Street
St. Louis, MO 63103
Six million cases of disease were reported to or discovered by Union medical officers during the Civil War. These 15 diseases account for 3,966,828 (66%) of those cases:
Listings provide Disease; Number of Cases; Number of Deaths; and Death Rate.
1. Diarrhea or dysentery---1,585,196---37,794---(2.38 %)
2. Malaria---1,213,685---12,199---(1.01 %)
3. Pneumonia/diseases of respiratory tract---448,923---17,902---(3.99 %)
4. Catarrh/Bronchitis---281,294---1,185---(0.42 %)
5. Gonorrhea---95,833---6---(0.01 %)
6. Typhoid fever---75,368---27,056---(35.90 %)
7. Syphilis---73,382---123---(0.17 %)
8. Measles---67,763---4,246---(6.27 %)
9. Mumps---48,128---72---(0.15 %)
10. Scurvy---30,714---383---(1.25 %)
11. Tuberculosis---13,499---5,286---(39.16 %)
12. Smallpox---12,236---4,717---(38.55 %)
13. Chronic Alcoholism/Delirium tremens---10,253---605---(5.90 %)
14. Diptheria---8,053---777---(9.65 %)
15. Typhus---2,501---850---(33.99 %)
XXI. Anesthesia
Two main forms of anesthesia were used during the Civil War: chloroform and ether. In the 8,900 surgeries reported to the Union Surgeon General in which type of anesthesia was specified, chloroform was used in 76% of cases, ether in 15% of cases, and some combination of chloroform and ether in 9% of cases. Of the 6,784 cases using chloroform that were reported, death attributable to the anesthetic was involved in 37 cases, or 0.5%. 254 surgeries were reported in which no anesthetic was used (3%).
Tom Pearson, Reference Librarian
Special Collections Department
St. Louis Public Library
1301 Olive Street
St. Louis, MO 63103
Friday, August 27, 2010
KILLED BY THE CURE: CIVIL WAR MEDICINE, PT. VI
XVII. Confederate Medical Shortages- The Blockade
The blockade of the Confederate states by the Union Navy meant that surgical supplies and medications were soon in short supply in the South. New items could be acquired in one of three ways:
1. From smugglers who managed to slip through the Union blockade. But prices soon became exorbitant: quinine in late 1863 was selling in the South for $400-$600 per ounce!
2. Capture of Union medical supplies. But this method was of course unreliable.
3. Manufacture medicines in the south from available ingredients. Labs were set up in Atlanta, Charlotte, Montgomery, and Knoxville, to name just a few of the cities selected.
XVIII. Confederate Medical Shortages- "Indigenous Remedies"
The Confederate Medical Service in 1864 issued a “Standard Supply Table of Indigenous Remedies for Field Service and Sick in General Hospitals.” Among the listed herbs, plants, and trees which could be used medicinally were:
Calamus, Virginia Snakeroot, Sassafras, Lavender, Bearberry, Sumac, Sage, Blackberry, and Dewberry, plus the leaves and sometimes the bark of these trees:
Dogwood, Persimmon, White Oak, Wild Cherry, and Tulip (to name only some of the listed herbs, plants, and trees).
XIX. Confederate Medical Shortages- Medical Instruments
The South was never able to set up factories to manufacture precision medical instruments, so surgeons sometimes had to improvise. These substitutions were necessary on occasion:
1. Surgical saws- Carpenter’s saws
2. Scalpels- Penknives
3. Surgical hooks- Forks
4. Tenaculum- Knitting needles
5. Splints- Fence rails
Tom Pearson, Reference Librarian
Special Collections Department
St. Louis Public Library
1301 Olive Street
St. Louis, MO 63103
The blockade of the Confederate states by the Union Navy meant that surgical supplies and medications were soon in short supply in the South. New items could be acquired in one of three ways:
1. From smugglers who managed to slip through the Union blockade. But prices soon became exorbitant: quinine in late 1863 was selling in the South for $400-$600 per ounce!
2. Capture of Union medical supplies. But this method was of course unreliable.
3. Manufacture medicines in the south from available ingredients. Labs were set up in Atlanta, Charlotte, Montgomery, and Knoxville, to name just a few of the cities selected.
XVIII. Confederate Medical Shortages- "Indigenous Remedies"
The Confederate Medical Service in 1864 issued a “Standard Supply Table of Indigenous Remedies for Field Service and Sick in General Hospitals.” Among the listed herbs, plants, and trees which could be used medicinally were:
Calamus, Virginia Snakeroot, Sassafras, Lavender, Bearberry, Sumac, Sage, Blackberry, and Dewberry, plus the leaves and sometimes the bark of these trees:
Dogwood, Persimmon, White Oak, Wild Cherry, and Tulip (to name only some of the listed herbs, plants, and trees).
XIX. Confederate Medical Shortages- Medical Instruments
The South was never able to set up factories to manufacture precision medical instruments, so surgeons sometimes had to improvise. These substitutions were necessary on occasion:
1. Surgical saws- Carpenter’s saws
2. Scalpels- Penknives
3. Surgical hooks- Forks
4. Tenaculum- Knitting needles
5. Splints- Fence rails
Tom Pearson, Reference Librarian
Special Collections Department
St. Louis Public Library
1301 Olive Street
St. Louis, MO 63103
Thursday, July 22, 2010
KILLED BY THE CURE: CIVIL WAR MEDICINE, PT. III
Copyright © 2009 by St. Louis Public Library.
VIII. Civil War Nurses
Female nurses were a most uncommon sight in American medicine prior to the Civil War. Men performed most of the duties we commonly associate with nurses. Florence Nightingale and her Corps of Female Nurses, who were employed by the British during the Crimean War in the 1850s, had fired the imaginations of American women, however, many of whom eagerly volunteered their services to the Union Army Medical Corps.
IX. Dorothea Dix
A flood of applications by women to work as volunteer nurses in Union Army hospitals brought about the appointment of Miss Dorothea Dix, who was already well-known for her pre-war work in the reform of insane asylums, as Superintendent of Female Nurses by the Director of the Union Army Medical Corps in 1861.
Miss Dix decreed that volunteer female nurses should be “plain-looking, mature” women who had to dress in simple brown or black dresses. They were not to wear bows or jewelry, have curls in their hair, or wear hoops in their skirts.
X. Appearance of Female Nurses
Most women greatly disliked Miss Dix’s strictures on age, appearance, and dress, and many violations of her rules occurred. One volunteer female nurse noted that “never before have so many American women attempted to appear older than their natural years.” Attractive women did what they could to disguise their looks until appointed, then reverted to their normal appearances.
Many women “felt naked” without the hoop skirts then in fashion, and wore them in spite of Miss Dix’s prohibition. In at least one documented case, a hoop skirt caught in a soldier’s surgical dressing and opened the wound, causing his death due to hemorraging.
Tom Pearson, Reference Librarian
Special Collections Department
St. Louis Public Library
1301 Olive Street
St. Louis, MO 63103
VIII. Civil War Nurses
Female nurses were a most uncommon sight in American medicine prior to the Civil War. Men performed most of the duties we commonly associate with nurses. Florence Nightingale and her Corps of Female Nurses, who were employed by the British during the Crimean War in the 1850s, had fired the imaginations of American women, however, many of whom eagerly volunteered their services to the Union Army Medical Corps.
IX. Dorothea Dix
A flood of applications by women to work as volunteer nurses in Union Army hospitals brought about the appointment of Miss Dorothea Dix, who was already well-known for her pre-war work in the reform of insane asylums, as Superintendent of Female Nurses by the Director of the Union Army Medical Corps in 1861.
Miss Dix decreed that volunteer female nurses should be “plain-looking, mature” women who had to dress in simple brown or black dresses. They were not to wear bows or jewelry, have curls in their hair, or wear hoops in their skirts.
X. Appearance of Female Nurses
Most women greatly disliked Miss Dix’s strictures on age, appearance, and dress, and many violations of her rules occurred. One volunteer female nurse noted that “never before have so many American women attempted to appear older than their natural years.” Attractive women did what they could to disguise their looks until appointed, then reverted to their normal appearances.
Many women “felt naked” without the hoop skirts then in fashion, and wore them in spite of Miss Dix’s prohibition. In at least one documented case, a hoop skirt caught in a soldier’s surgical dressing and opened the wound, causing his death due to hemorraging.
Tom Pearson, Reference Librarian
Special Collections Department
St. Louis Public Library
1301 Olive Street
St. Louis, MO 63103
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